Montana

State

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    2024 Population
    1.12M
    US Senator
    Steve Daines
    Republican Party
    US Senator
    Tim Sheehy
    Republican Party
    2024 Median Age
    40.4
    0.498% 1-year increase
    2024 Poverty Rate
    11.5%
    4.46% 1-year decrease
    2024 Median Household Income
    $72,509
    3.7% 1-year growth
    2024 Median Property Value
    $375,800
    11.2% 1-year growth
    2024 Employed Population
    510,398
    1.74% 1-year growth

    About

    4.19% of the households in Montana reported speaking a non-English language at home as their primary shared language. This does not consider the potential multi-lingual nature of households, but only the primary self-reported language spoken by all members of the household.

    98.9% of the residents in Montana are U.S. citizens.

    The largest universities in Montana are Montana State University (3,683 degrees awarded in 2024), The University of Montana (2,896 degrees), and Montana State University Billings (745 degrees).

    In 2024, the median property value in Montana was $375,800, and the homeownership rate was 69.2%.

    Most people in Montana drove alone to work, and the average commute time was 19.1 minutes. The average car ownership in Montana was 2 cars per household.

    Montana borders Idaho, North Dakota, South Dakota, and Wyoming.

    Photo by Jeff Krause
    United States

    Population & Diversity

    Montana is home to a population of 1.12M people, from which 98.9% are citizens. As of 2024, 2.28% of Montana residents were born outside of the country (25.5k people).

    In 2024, there were 15.6 times more White (Non-Hispanic) residents (934k people) in Montana than any other race or ethnicity. There were 59.7k American Indian & Alaska Native (Non-Hispanic) and 39.2k Two Races Excluding Other, & Three or More Races (Non-Hispanic) residents, the second and third most common ethnic groups.

    The most common non-English languages spoken as the primary language in households in Montana are Spanish (15,285 households), German (6,655 households), and Other Native Languages of North America (6,171 households).

    Population & Diversity

    Population by Location

    Sex
    RACE/ETHNICITY
    The 3 PUMAS with the highest resident population
    1. Lake, Mineral, Missoula & Sanders Counties--Missoula City PUMA, MT
      171,299
    2. Lewis and Clark & Cascade Counties--Great Falls & Helena City PUMA, MT
      158,926
    3. Eastern Montana--Sidney & Miles City PUMA, MT
      150,436

    In 2024 there were 1,116,875 residents in Montana.

    The Public Use Microdata Areas (PUMA) with the highest resident population were Lake, Mineral, Missoula & Sanders Counties--Missoula City PUMA, MT (171,299 people), Lewis and Clark & Cascade Counties--Great Falls & Helena City PUMA, MT (158,926 people), and Eastern Montana--Sidney & Miles City PUMA, MT (150,436 people).

    The following map shows all of the states in Montana colored by the resident population.

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    Residents by Gender and Age

    RACE/ETHNICITY
    551,259
    Women
    49.4%
    565,616
    Men
    50.6%

    The resident population of United States in 2024 was 1,116,875 inhabitants, with 50.6% men, and 49.4% women.

    The visualization shows the distribution of the residents by gender and age in Montana.

    With the upper buttons you can add a filter by race.

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    Citizenship

    98.9%
    2024 Citizenship
    99%
    2023 Citizenship

    As of 2024, 98.9% of Montana residents were US citizens, which is higher than the national average of 93.2%. In 2023, the percentage of US citizens in Montana was 99%, meaning that the rate of citizenship has been decreasing.

    The following chart shows US citizenship percentages in Montana compared to that of it's neighboring and parent geographies.

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    Diversity

    Race and Ethnicity

    The 3 largest ethnic groups in Montana
    1. White (Non-Hispanic)
      934k ± 1.95k
    2. American Indian & Alaska Native (Non-Hispanic)
      59.7k ± 1.06k
    3. Two Races Excluding Other, & Three or More Races (Non-Hispanic)
      39.2k ± 1.27k
    4.56%
    Hispanic Population
    50.9k people

    In 2024, there were 15.6 times more White (Non-Hispanic) residents (934k people) in Montana than any other race or ethnicity. There were 59.7k American Indian & Alaska Native (Non-Hispanic) and 39.2k Two Races Excluding Other, & Three or More Races (Non-Hispanic) residents, the second and third most common ethnic groups.

    4.56% of the people in Montana are hispanic (50.9k people).

    The following chart shows the 8 races represented in Montana as a share of the total population.

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    Global Diversity

    Most Common Origin
    1. Canada
      4,118 ± 1,573 people
    2. Mexico
      2,905 ± 1,322 people
    3. Philippines
      1,984 ± 1,093 people

    In 2024, the most common birthplace for the foreign-born residents of Montana was Canada, the natal country of 4,118 Montana residents, followed by Mexico with 2,905 and Philippines with 1,984.

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    Foreign-Born Population

    2.28%
    2024 Foreign-Born Population
    25.5k people
    2.27%
    2023 Foreign-Born Population
    25.1k people

    As of 2024, 2.28% of Montana residents (25.5k people) were born outside of the United States, which is approximately the same as the national average of 14%. In 2023, the percentage of foreign-born citizens in Montana was 2.27%, meaning that the rate has been increasing.

    The following chart shows the percentage of foreign-born residents in Montana compared to that of it's neighboring and parent geographies.

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    Non-English Households

    Most Common Non-English Languages
    1. Spanish
      15,285 households (1.44%)
    2. German
      6,655 households (0.628%)
    3. Other Native Languages of North America
      6,171 households (0.583%)

    4.19% of the households in Montana reported speaking a non-English language at home as their primary shared language, which is lower than the national average of 22.3%. This does not consider the potential multi-lingual nature of households, but only the primary self-reported language spoken by all members of the household.

    In 2024, the most common non-English language spoken in households in Montana was Spanish. 1.44% of the households in Montana reported speaking Spanish at home as the primary shared language between all members living in the household.

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    Military

    Veterans

    Most Common Service Period
    1. Vietnam
      27,221 ± 909
    2. Gulf War (2001-)
      21,160 ± 1,018
    3. Gulf War (1990s)
      11,863 ± 847

    Montana has a large population of military personnel who served in Vietnam, 1.29 times greater than any other conflict.

    The chart shows the distribution of veterans by conflict in Montana.

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    Health

    91.4% of the population of Montana has health coverage, with 41.5% on employee plans, 17.1% on Medicaid, 14.8% on Medicare, 15.7% on non-group plans, and 2.37% on military or VA plans.

    Primary care physicians in Montana see 1,200 patients per year on average, which represents a 0% change from the previous year (1,200 patients). Compare this to dentists who see 1350 patients per year, and mental health providers who see 250 patients per year.

    By gender, of the total number of insured persons, 50.4% were men and 49.6% were women.

    Coverage

    Patient to Clinician Ratios

    1,200 to 1
    Patient to Primary Care Physician Ratio in Montana

    Primary care physicians in Montana see an average of 1,200 patients per year. This represents a 0% change from the previous year (1,200 patients).

    The following chart shows how the number of patients seen by primary care physicians has been changing over time in Montana in comparison to its neighboring geographies.

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    Health Care Diversity

    In 2024, insured persons according to age ranges were distributed in 22.5% under 18 years, 20.5% between 18 and 34 years, 37.1% between 35 and 64 years, and 19.9% over 64 years.

    By gender, of the total number of insured persons, 50.4% were men and 49.6% were women.

    The following chart shows the number of people with health coverage by gender.

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    Uninsured People

    8.57%
    Uninsured
    41.5%
    Employer Coverage
    17.1%
    Medicaid
    14.8%
    Medicare
    15.7%
    Non-Group
    2.37%
    Military or VA

    Between 2023 and 2024, the percent of uninsured citizens in Montana grew by 1.56% from 8.44% to 8.57%.

    The following chart shows how the percent of uninsured individuals in Montana changed over time compared with the percent of individuals enrolled in various types of health insurance.

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    Health Indicators

    Health Outcomes

    Indicator

    In 2025, the average number of mentally unhealthy days reported in past 30 days (age-adjusted) was 5.52 in Montana.

    The  map shows the distribution of the indicator in the counties of Montana and the graphic underneath the paragraph shows the trend of the indicator in Montana.

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    Health Behaviors

    Indicator

    In 2025, the percentage of the adult population (age 18 and older) that reports a body mass index (BMI) greater than or equal to 30 kg/m2 (age-adjusted) was 30.8% in Montana.

    The  map shows the distribution of the indicator in the counties of Montana and the graphic underneath the paragraph shows the trend of the indicator in Montana.

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    Clinical Care

    Indicator

    In 2025, the percentage of population under age 65 without health insurance was 10.5% in Montana.

    The  map shows the distribution of the indicator in the counties of Montana and the graphic underneath the paragraph shows the trend of the indicator in Montana.

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    Economy

    The economy of Montana employs 510k people. In 2024, the largest industries in Montana were Construction (42,553 people), Elementary & secondary schools (30,973 people), and Restaurants & Food Services (30,397 people), and the highest paying industries were Spectator sports ($313,103), Software publishers ($158,916), and Paint, coating, & adhesive manufacturing ($145,120).

    Males in Montana have an average income that is 1.29 times higher than the average income of females, which is $58,046. The income inequality in Montana (measured using the Gini index) is 0.458, which is lower than than the national average.

    Employment

    Workforce Diversity

    Measure
    RACE/ETHNICITY
    240,708
    Women
    47.2%
    269,690
    Men
    52.8%

    The workforce of Montana in 2024 was 510,398 people, with 47.2% woman, and 52.8% men.

    The visualization shows the distribution of the workforce by gender and age in Montana.

    With the upper buttons you can see the distribution of the average salary and add a filter by race.

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    Workforce and Wage by Location

    Measure
    RACE/ETHNICITY

    In 2024 there were 510,398 people working in Montana. The Public Use Microdata Areas (PUMA) that concentrated the largest workforce were Lake, Mineral, Missoula & Sanders Counties--Missoula City PUMA, MT (82,667 people), Lewis and Clark & Cascade Counties--Great Falls & Helena City PUMA, MT (73,614 people), and Gallatin County--Bozeman City PUMA, MT (68,395 people).

    The following map shows all of the PUMAs in Montana colored by workforce or average wage.

    With the upper buttons you can see the yearly change and add a filter by race.

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    Occupations

    510k
    2024 Value
    1.74%
    1 Year growth
    ± 1.74%

    From 2023 to 2024, employment in Montana grew at a rate of 1.74%, from 502k employees to 510k employees.

    The most common job groups, by number of people living in Montana, are Other managers (14,087 people), Registered nurses (13,524 people), and Driver/sales workers & truck drivers (12,587 people). This chart illustrates the share breakdown of the primary jobs held by residents of Montana.

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    Unemployment Insurance Claims

    This chart shows weekly unemployment insurance claims in Montana (not-seasonally adjusted) compared with the four states with the most similar impact.

    The most recent data point uses Advance State Claims data, which can be revised in subsequent weeks.

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    Industries

    Employment by Industries

    510k
    2024 Value
    1.74%
    1 Year growth
    ± 1.74%

    From 2023 to 2024, employment in Montana grew at a rate of 1.74%, from 502k employees to 510k employees.

    The most common employment sectors for those who live in Montana, are Construction (42,553 people), Elementary & secondary schools (30,973 people), and Restaurants & Food Services (30,397 people). This chart shows the share breakdown of the primary industries for residents of Montana, though some of these residents may live in Montana and work somewhere else. Census data is tagged to a residential address, not a work address.

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    Median Earnings by Industry

    $51,600
    Median earning men ± $525
    $37,299
    Median earning women ± $496

    The industries with the best median earnings for men in 2024 are Finance & Insurance, & Real Estate & Rental & Leasing ($69,591), Public Administration ($65,901), and Information ($63,674).

    The industries with the best median earnings for women in 2024 are Public Administration ($55,759), Finance & Insurance, & Real Estate & Rental & Leasing ($48,717), and Information ($45,184).

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    Employment by Industry Sector

    Data is only available at the state level. Showing data for Montana.
    Y-Axis
    2.24%
    Year-over-year growth
    Employment change between February 2022 and February 2023

    As of February 2023, there are 508k people employed in Montana. This represents a 2.24% increase in employment when compared to February 2022.

    Right after the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic, during April 2020, a general dip can be seen across industry sectors, resulting in an overall decline in employment by 11.8%.

    The following chart shows monthly employment numbers for each industry sector in Montana.

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    Establishments by Size

    The industries with the most establishments
    1. 4,950
      Construction
    2. 3,139
      Professional, Scientific, and Technical Services
    3. 2,413
      Other Services (except Public Administration)

    The visualization shows the distribution of establishments by industry and by size according to the number of employees.

    Depending on the option selected, the visualization shows the number of employees or number of establishments and its share across establishment sizes.

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    Payroll by Industry Sector

    The industries with the highest total annual payroll
    1. $4.2M
      Health Care and Social Assistance
    2. $2.26M
      Retail Trade
    3. $2.23M
      Construction

    The chart shows the total annual payroll and the average annual payroll by industry.

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    Domestic Trade

    Domestic Production & Consumption

    Domestic production and consumption consists of products and services shipped from Montana to other states, or from other states to Montana.
    Top Domestic Production in Dollars
    1. Crude petroleum
      $6.55B
    2. Coal-n.e.c.
      $5.8B
    3. Gasoline
      $4.68B

    In 2024, the top outbound Montana product (by dollars) was Crude petroleum with $6.55B, followed by Coal-n.e.c. ($5.8B) and Gasoline ($4.68B).

    The following chart shows the share of these products in relation to all outbound Montana products.

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    Domestic Trade Growth

    Showing data for Montana.
    $49.7B
    2024 Value in Montana
    $81.2B
    Projected 2050 Value in Montana
    63.4% growth

    In 2024, total outbound Montana trade was $49.7B. This is expected to increase 63.4% to $81.2B by 2050.

    The following chart shows how the domestic outbound Montana trade is projected to change in comparison to its neighboring states.

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    Interstate Trade

    Interstate trade consists of products and services shipped from Montana to other states, or from other states to Montana.
    Most Common Trade Partners
    1. Washington
      $3.04B
    2. Idaho
      $2.74B
    3. Colorado
      $2.74B

    In 2024, the top outbound Montana domestic partner for goods and services (by dollars) was Washington with $3.04B, followed by Idaho with $2.74B and Colorado and $2.74B.

    The following map shows the amount of trade that Montana shares with each state (excluding itself).

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    Civics

    In the 2024 presidential election, the popular vote in Montana went to Donald J. Trump with 58.4% of the vote. The runner-up was Kamala Harris (38.5%), followed by Robert Kennedy (1.96%).

    The most partisan county was Garfield County, MT with 94% of the vote going to Donald J. Trump running for the Republican Party.

    Steve Daines and Tim Sheehy are the senators currently representing the state of Montana. In the United States, senators are elected to 6-year terms with the terms for individual senators staggered.

    Montana is currently represented by 2 members in the U.S. house, and members of the House of Representives are elected to 2-year terms.

    Presidential Elections

    2024 Election Results
    1. Donald J. Trump (58.4%)
      Republican Party
    2. Kamala Harris (38.5%)
      Democratic Party
    3. Robert Kennedy (1.96%)
      Independent Party

    In the 2024 presidential election, the popular vote in Montana went to Donald J. Trump with 58.4% of the vote. The runner-up was Kamala Harris (38.5%), followed by Robert Kennedy (1.96%).

    The following chart shows the popular vote results in Montana for each registered party from 1976 to 2024.

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    Presidential Popular Vote by County

    Donald J. Trump
    Popular Vote for Montana
    58.4% for the Republican Party
    Most Partisan Counties in Montana
    1. Garfield County, MT
      94% for Donald J. Trump (Republican Party)
    2. Carter County, MT
      89.7% for Donald J. Trump (Republican Party)
    3. Fallon County, MT
      87.3% for Donald J. Trump (Republican Party)

    In the 2024 presidential election, the most partisan county in Montana was Garfield County, MT with 94% of the vote going to Donald J. Trump running for the Republican Party.

    The following map shows the counties in Montana colored by their party leaning.

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    Senator Elections

    US Senators from Montana

    Steve Daines
    Senator from Montana2
    Assumed office on January 3, 2015
    Tim Sheehy
    Senator from Montana1
    Assumed office on January 3, 2025

    Steve Daines and Tim Sheehy are the senators currently representing Montana.

    In the United States, senators are elected to 6-year terms with the terms for individual senators staggered.

    The following chart shows elected senators in Montana over time, excluding special elections, colored by their political party.

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    Education

    In 2024, universities in Montana awarded 11,130 degrees. The student population of Montana in 2024 is skewed towards women, with 21,658 male students and 27,023 female students.

    Most students graduating from Universities in Montana are White (8,443 and 77.4%), American Indian or Alaska Native (668 and 6.13%), Two or More Races (526 and 4.82%), and Hispanic or Latino (511 and 4.69%).

    The largest universities in Montana by number of degrees awarded are Montana State University (3,683 and 33.1%), The University of Montana (2,896 and 26%), and Montana State University Billings (745 and 6.69%).

    The most popular majors in Montana are Registered Nursing (802 and 7.21%), General Studies (510 and 4.58%), and General Business (509 and 4.57%).

    The median tuition costs are $30,048 for private four year colleges, and $5,039 and $19,785 respectively, for public four year colleges for in-state students and out-of-state students.

    Admissions & Enrollments

    Applicants, Admissions & Enrolled

    University
    Measure

    In 2024 in Montana, the percentage of applicants admitted was 85.4%, while the percentage of admitted who enrolled was 20.4%. The number of students enrolled in 2024 was 48,681 (44.5% men and 55.5% women).

    The map shows the percentage of applicants admitted, admitted who enrolled or the number of students enrolled according to the option selected in the upper button.

    The line chart below shows the annual evolution of the indicator by gender.

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    Enrollments by Gender and Races

    Universities

    In 2024 there were 48,681 students enrolled in Montana, 44.5% men and 55.5% women.

    By race, the largest number of students enrolled was concentrated in White with 35,669 records, of which 54.8% were women and 45.2% men.

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    Completions

    Concentrations

    Most Common
    1. Registered Nursing
      569 degrees awarded
    2. General Business
      496 degrees awarded
    3. General Psychology
      339 degrees awarded

    In 2024, the most common concentation for Bachelors Degree recipients in Montana was Registered Nursing with 569 degrees awarded.

    This visualization illustrates the percentage of students graduating with a Bachelors Degree from schools in Montana according to their major.

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    Universities

    Gender
    Race
    Largest Universities by degrees awarded
    1. Montana State University
      3,683 degrees awarded
    2. The University of Montana
      2,896 degrees awarded
    3. Montana State University Billings
      745 degrees awarded

    In 2024, the institution with the largest number of graduating students was Montana State University with 3,683 degrees awarded.

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    Student Diversity

    University

    In 2024, 4,632 men were awarded degrees from institutions in Montana, which is 0.713 times less than the 6,498 female students who received degrees in the same year.

    In 2024, the most common race/ethnicity group awarded degrees at institutions was White students. These 8,443 degrees mean that there were 12.6 times more degrees awarded to White students then the next closest race/ethnicity group, American Indian or Alaska Native, with 668 degrees awarded.

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    Awarded Degrees over Time

    The graph shows the evolution of awarded degrees by degrees. Under the paragraphs, the average number of awarded degrees by university in each degree is shown.

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    Tuition

    Average Net Price by Sector

    Universities

    Private not-for-profit, 4-year or above ($30,048) is the sector with the highest median state tuition in 2024.

    Public, 4-year or above ($1,931) is the sector with the highest median state fee in 2024.

    Public, 4-year or above ($1,300) is the sector with the highest average net price of books and supplies.

    The graph shows the average net price by sector and year.

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    Working Population

    Educational Pyramid

    Measure

    In 2024, 0.424% of men over 25 years of age had not completed any academic degree (no schooling), while 0.408% of women were in the same situation.

    This visualization shows the gender distribution of the population according to the academic level reached.

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    Educational Attainment

    Race

    The most common educational levels obtained by the working population of Montana in 2024 were High School or Equivalent (254k), Some college (207k), and Bachelors Degree (193k).

    This visualization illustrates the percentage distribution of the population according to the highest educational level reached. You can filter the data by race by using the selector above.

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    Housing & Living

    The median property value in Montana was $375,800 in 2024, which is 1.13 times larger than the national average of $332,700. Between 2023 and 2024 the median property value increased from $338,100 to $375,800, a 11.2% increase. The homeownership rate in Montana is 69.2%, which is higher than the national average of 65.2%.

    People in Montana have an average commute time of 19.1 minutes, and they drove alone to work. Car ownership in Montana is approximately the same as the national average, with an average of 2 cars per household.

    In 2025, 13.8% of the population was living with severe housing problems in Montana. From 2014 to 2025, the indicator declined 0.667%.

    Housing

    Property

    $375,800
    Median Property Value 2024
    ±$3,433
    $317,400
    Median Property Taxes
    ±$3,774

    The following chart display owner-occupied housing units distributed between a series of property tax buckets compared to the national averages for each bucket. In Montana the largest share of households pay taxes in the $3k+ range.

    The chart underneath the paragraph shows the property taxes in Montana compared to it's parent and neighbor geographies.

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    Rent vs Own

    69.2%
    Homeownership
    2024
    66.4%
    Homeowners with Mortgage
    2024

    In 2024, 69.2% of the housing units in Montana were occupied by their owner. This percentage declined from the previous year's rate of 69.4%.

    This chart shows the percentage of owner in Montana compared it's parent and neighboring geographies.

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    Equity

    Household Income

    Please note that the buckets used in this visualization were not evenly distributed by ACS when publishing the data.
    $72,509
    Median Household Income
    ± $761
    459k
    Number of Households
    ± 5,002

    In 2024, the median household income of the 459k households in Montana grew to $72,509 from the previous year's value of $69,922.

    The following chart displays the households in Montana distributed between a series of income buckets compared to the national averages for each bucket. The largest share of households have an income in the $75k - $100k range.

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    Wage Distribution

    0.458
    2024 Wage GINI in Montana
    0.46
    2023 Wage GINI in Montana

    In 2024, the income inequality in Montana was 0.458 according to the GINI calculation of the wage distribution. Income inequality had a 0.613% decline from 2023 to 2024, which means that wage distribution grew somewhat more even. The GINI for Montana was lower than than the national average of 0.474. In other words, wages are distributed more evenly in Montana in comparison to the national average.

    This chart shows the number of workers in Montana across various wage buckets compared to the national average.

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    Transportation

    Commuter Transportation

    Most Common Commute in 2024
    1. Drove Alone (71.1%)
    2. Worked At Home (12.5%)
    3. Carpooled (9.68%)

    In 2024, 71.1% of workers in Montana drove alone to work, followed by those who worked at home (12.5%) and those who carpooled to work (9.68%).

    The following chart shows the number of households using each mode of transportation over time, using a logarithmic scale on the y-axis to help better show variations in the smaller means of commuting.

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    Commute Time

    19.1 minutes
    Average Travel Time

    Using averages, employees in Montana have a shorter commute time (19.1 minutes) than the normal US worker (26.4 minutes). Additionally, 1.96% of the workforce in Montana have "super commutes" in excess of 90 minutes.

    The chart below shows how the median household income in Montana compares to that of it's neighboring and parent geographies.

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    Car Ownership

    2 cars
    Average Number

    The following chart displays the households in Montana distributed between a series of car ownership buckets compared to the national averages for each bucket. The largest share of households in Montana have 2 cars.

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    Poverty

    Severe Housing Problems

    In 2025, 13.8% of the population was living with severe housing problems in Montana. From 2014 to 2025, the indicator declined 0.667%.

    The map show the severe housing problems rate in the counties of California. The graph underneath the paragraph shows the trend of the percentage of the population living with severe housing problems.

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    Poverty & Diversity

    11.5% of the population for whom poverty status is determined in Montana (126k out of 1.09M people) live below the poverty line, a number that is lower than the national average of 12.5%. The largest demographic living in poverty are Females 18 - 24, followed by Males 18 - 24 and then Females 25 - 34.

    The most common racial or ethnic group living below the poverty line in Montana is White, followed by Native American and Two Or More.

    The Census Bureau uses a set of money income thresholds that vary by family size and composition to determine who classifies as impoverished. If a family's total income is less than the family's threshold than that family and every individual in it is considered to be living in poverty.

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    Children in Poverty

    In 2025, 12.8% of the children was living in poverty in Montana. From 2014 to 2025, the indicator declined 8.3%.

    The map show the children in poverty rate in the counties of California. The graph underneath the paragraph shows the trend of the percentage of children in poverty.

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    Security

    Crimes & Accidents

    Indicator

    In 2022, the number of reported violent crimes offenses per 100,000 population was 346 in Montana. From 2014 to 2022, the indicator grew 80.5% per 100,000 population.

    The following map shows the number of reported violent crimes offenses per 100,000 population.

    The graph underneath the paragraph shows the trend of the indicator in Montana.

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